Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Literature Changes During the Civil War Essay

When the country was still quite young and change was ever-imminent, our great America wasn’t always so great. This budding country lacked its own culture, and every single work produced by its inhabitants was rooted to an earlier version from its mother Britain. Much of our nation was devoid of literary culture and education. We were often looked down upon by other countries flourishing with their own trademark foods, goods, and customs. Very few prominent writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson were able to create a base example of what an American literature might actually look like. Prior to the Civil War, there were almost no published American authors, as the United States was more inclined toward English texts, which were less expensive. Reading and writing had just begun to trickle down to the middle class, making literature much more popular among the common man, as rates of literacy rose tremendously. The multitude of uses for literature once the Civil War began caused an even larger development. During a time of great change and conflict, America began a period of immense literary thirst. Before the Civil War started, literature had only recently become a more regular piece of daily life. At first only the wealthiest could be expected to know how to read and write. However, as the nation approached the time of the Civil War, the lower classes were also expanding their education by becoming literate. The common man started to take more of an interest and a stand in the goings on of the country- for the most part, learning how to read allowed them to keep up with the happenings from around the nation. Literature was also serving a more entertaining purpose. Fiction grew in popularity, but infamy too. â€Å"American statesmen and leaders were fearful of fiction. They accurately understood its subversive power: fiction empowered individuals; it catered to people’s passions, fancies, and whims, which threatened republican ideas of order and rationality,† (Stauffer 237). As this quote explains, many politicians believed that fiction would lead to chaos and revolution. Literature has always had the power to plant a seed in our minds, and this was no different during the time of the Civil War. Still, these opinions did not keep novels from finding a place in most households. Mostly middle- and upper-class women were the audience for this type of reading material. Fiction, spreading rapidly, became one of the most popular types of literature in this era. Literature before the Civil War was mainly centered on functionality. Literacy had just begun to grow, so the people who learned to read had to have a reason for it. The most common reading material of the time included religious reading, instructive reading, newspapers and magazines, and â€Å"reading for escape† (Salisbury). The best method of escaping for bored housewives or even the common man was a novel. As previously stated, these fictional stories had just begun to boom in popularity. Religious reading mostly included bible study, common for the average Christian household. Newspapers and magazines were crucial for spreading news, and when the nation found an efficient way to broadcast information, people snatched them up. During a time when you couldn’t turn on your flat screen television or pull out your iPad for news updates, newspapers were essential to society. Finally, guides were another usual form of reading material. Stay-at-home wives collected cookbooks and mothering manuals by the shelf-full. All these types of reading provided some function to those who read them, which displays how the country used literature in a very confined manner. The Civil War had a big impact on literature, but literature also had a large impact on the Civil War. For example, the movement against slavery was intensified by passionate works of literature such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe. These novels helped to spark an interest in the subject for many more people, particularly those of a higher class, who then began to encourage the movement. Literature needed to change in numerous ways. When the war began, letters would be used to keep families in touch with soldiers. News would become more biased and exaggerated depending on its origin (North vs. South). Many children created care packages and wrote letters to soldiers, which gave the men at war some hope and knowledge of the outside world. In 1864, Harper’s Weekly published a story about a young girl named Lula who wished to write a letter to a soldier. That letter wound up in the hands of Daniel P. Fleming- a man who had no family to write to. â€Å"Lula’s letter came when he felt forsaken—desperate—and saved him† (Diffley). Their correspondence created a magnificent bond that carried Fleming throughout the war, and impacted both he and Lula for the remainder of their lives. Literature served a great purpose in the Civil War, and its growth did not stop there. When literature grew in popularity, it had a plethora of effects. It both helped and hurt our country. On one hand, it led to the letters that kept the spirits of our soldiers high. On the other, it produced media that exaggerated truths and spread lies. Since the North and South had greatly varying opinions at the time, their news sources also greatly varied. Each would produce its own version of the truth, and neither would be completely honest. This sensationalism only continued to spread, which became its worst in the 20th century. Not all of the effects of literature’s changes were completely bad, though. Novels allowed people to escape the awful experiences they were going through, if only for a little while. Writers became more successful and American authors had more of a chance as American writing took over the aforementioned British literature. Essays and stories meant to rally the nation during war kept each side unified, even as the country itself split in half. Literature was, perhaps, a great factor in keeping the United States from permanently disbanding. Literature impacts a lot in our lives today: it is a tell-tale sign of the amount of education one receives, it determines a lot of our viewpoints on many issues, and it can even affect the choices you make. This was true during the Civil War era as well, but this took off mostly at the time of the Civil War itself. Before the war, literature had only just begun to spread. It was quite obviously linked to social class as well, as the upper classes were known to have a much higher percentage of literacy than the lower classes. Also, British works became less popular, while American authors prospered. With novels on the rise with the common woman, literature asserted itself as an everyday piece of life. This was reinforced by the use of newspapers, magazines, and books that provided instruction and recipes. Literature took off right before the start of the Civil War, in part causing it. Certain literary works had a strong impact on society, creating controversy and drawing the boundary between the North and the South. Literature also played a huge role in the lives of many soldiers during the war itself. It not only kept the soldiers motivated by giving them something to look forward too, but it also connected them to the outside world and reminded them of all the people they were fighting for. Literature helped to both keep this country together and tear it apart. While the printed media was not always as honest as it should’ve been, and the letters did not always keep the soldiers motivated, it is impossible to argue that literature went through an incredible change during the Civil War. Literature will always be a part of our lives, and this rang especially true during this time of struggle, which unlocked an appetite for literature that our country had never known before.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Emotions and Moods Essay

When we try to understand what makes a good leader, or behaviors from leaders that drive positive performance and results in an organization, traditional personal attributes such as intelligence, toughness, determination, vision and technical skills, though are very much required for success, it is not sufficient to be a truly effective leader. As employees go up the ladder emotional intelligence play more important roles on performance than other personal or technical attributes As a leader, it is of utmost importance that you manage and build relationships with many people, be well connected and be genuinely interested so that people want to help you in tough times or when in need of a critical resource or expertise. So the Social Skill of a leader helps a long way in building positive performance. A leader also needs to be self-aware of his behaviors and moods, it is a skill of knowing ones true self and how that could affect people around him, so that he can self-regulate himself and ensure that in any given situation, he always responds positively and does not react. This calmness and maturity the leader brings in to the team, will build confidence and trust in his subordinates and will make them work harder and smarter to not repeat mistakes and give their best to achieve higher results. A leader need to empathize with other people, this is extremely important when working with cross cultural teams where understanding of each other’s behaviors could make or break projects. This is a skill of treating people as per their moods, behaviors and reactions to specific situations. This can go a long way in avoiding conflicts, retaining talent and bringing in a sense of understanding with the superior which could lead to sharing new ideas, beliefs etc. and thus opening up a plethora of opportunities to tap in to their ideas and additionally help in good involvement from them which will feed growth. Human beings are biologically designed to be influenced by external environment. An upbeat manager makes everyone feel energetic, while a sour-spirited manager makes work grueling. A manager’s upbeat mood, which is optimistic, sincere and realistic, will be contagious and one erson’s energy transmits signals that can alter the overall wellbeing of others which would drive up their mood. Better mood always results in better performance if channelized in the right way which a good leader is capable of doing. The most effective leaders show mood which is apt for the given situation with a mix of optimism which enables the organization to drive forward with hope. The inner work life system, which is the combination of how our perceptions about things around could drive emotions, coupled with our motivation to work could drive positive performance in our everyday life and eventually lead to organizational success. Therefore it is very important as a leader to be aware of his reactions and approach to everyday work events, so that he doesn’t adversely affect any team members but always drive positivity and bonding which drives performance. Overall we can state that emotions and moods play a vital role in a behavior of a leader and if the leader wants to be successful, he needs to self-aware, drive positivity with his optimistic mood and be high on emotional intelligence, so that he can tackle any given situation in the rightful manner and in turn see his organization maturing and growing by leaps and bounds.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Black Men and Public Space

Darkness is known for its negative undertone. In earlier times, we saw darkness as an interpretation of evil; likewise, light represented God and all good. From literature we, as a society, have built what later became social rules, giving rise to things such as prejudice. In Brent Staples essay â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† this is clearly shown by the authors own experiences of antipathy and hostility towards him caused by his own self. In â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, Brent Staples begins by coming to the realization of the way he’d be viewed for the rest of his life. He describes feelings of uneasiness towards his newfound self-image. It all came to him one evening in an ally where his tall frame walked behind a young woman. She proceeded to perceive him as a threat to her safety even her life, and race off into the night. Later on his –problem- took a deeper hit on him when even as a professional this image continued to follow him. It evolved into harm for himself when he is mistaken for a thief several times. Toward the end the author learns how to manage this issue by cleaning his image, and controlling his rage toward the ones who considered a criminal. Consistent rejection can cause a man –or woman to see the world as of one color or the other, to the extremes. Thus creating a situation of self-blame where one might think and accept that every bad incident its their own fault. He is blaming himself for actions that occur without actual intent of the so-called attacker. In â€Å"Black Men and Public Space,† Staples writes, â€Å"My first victim was a woman† (566). This phrase creates a dark tone that only gets clearer as the essay moves on. The image of – the victim- is passed onto the author itself. And the fact that is proclaiming himself as an aggressor indicates that he has acknowledged this as a reality. In today’s society, people have the tendency to change how they –act and react- toward certain groups of people, places of interaction, friends and strangers. It can range from lowering safety standards when ones home, to the point of running from someone that, by mistake, its portrayed and related to something harmful. This can create a unique experience, most of the time being of uneasiness and stress. Staples write, â€Å"I First began to know the unwieldy inheritance I’d come into- the ability to alter public space in an ugly way† (566). It is clearly stated in the previews quote that the author is now experimenting a new way of social awareness that it’s brought upon him by just being that way he is. It is surprising how fast people tend to judge yet it also can be way of protection. Even though the author might not be the real aggressor that does not takes the fact that another man like him could be the authentic one. Today’s civilization has grown with fear. Fear of loosing what’s theirs, fear of the police, fear of politics, fear of what’s unknown and different. Sometimes this can manifest in avoidance of the subject but in some occasions it can be a little more –active-. Staples writes, â€Å"And I soon gathered that being perceived as dangerous it’s a hazard in itself† (567). As a result of his dangerous association the author realizes that it’s unsafe to be outside too. As some women tend to opt just to sprint away from you, some men might choose to fight the problem. This brings concerns to the author who apart form being socially un-welcome is now threatened by his own naturally built image. Fear is accompanied by a need for survival. Some animals grow being dominant, creating fear to control. Other just decide to hide hoping not to be involved into precarious situations. In â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, Staples describes, â€Å"I chose, perhaps unconsciously, to remain a shadow – timid, but a survivor† (568). Staples explain that he took the –smaller animal- path and tries to remain un-recognizable in order for him to have a safer journey around avoiding confrontation. Is easier to hide that to fight but in the long run that –easiness- brings other problems, where self-blame can evolve to depression and self-depreciation. It comes a time in every man’s life when he has to choose between himself and society. When he has to decide whether to stand on his own or simply hide his true self in order to escape confrontation, arguments and possible rejection. Most people have a tendency to – go with the flow- be just like everyone else. Staple writes, â€Å"I now take precautions to make myself less threatening† (568). This quote describes the idea previously expressed. He chooses to alter his image to make his journey safer. In order to add this newer safer self, he must subtract what he was before, losing his identity. In Staples essay â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, big issues are explored and described in a way that we can relate to without getting lost in the context. On a narrow sense the essay can be viewed as how the author goes through the realization of how he is pictured, moving to the changes he has to make to be -socially- less threatening. Doing this one can go a process of depression and losing identity. This is just the example of only one person but this case is not reserved to him only, it happens to almost everyone and in many different levels. We are 6,602,224,175 humans suffering form all kind of unreal and unfair treatment and as a result, hate and resentment are created, and in fact they are he main cause of racism and un fair treatment towards others thus creating a vicious cycle from which we need to get out in order for humans to walk though these crowded streets in harmony. Work Cited Brent Staples. â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†. Four in One: Rhetoric, Reader, Research Guide, and Handbook. Eds. Eduard A. Dornan and Robert Dees. 5th Edition. Boston: Longman, 2011. 167-169. Print Black Men and Public Space Darkness is known for its negative undertone. In earlier times, we saw darkness as an interpretation of evil; likewise, light represented God and all good. From literature we, as a society, have built what later became social rules, giving rise to things such as prejudice. In Brent Staples essay â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† this is clearly shown by the authors own experiences of antipathy and hostility towards him caused by his own self. In â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, Brent Staples begins by coming to the realization of the way he’d be viewed for the rest of his life. He describes feelings of uneasiness towards his newfound self-image. It all came to him one evening in an ally where his tall frame walked behind a young woman. She proceeded to perceive him as a threat to her safety even her life, and race off into the night. Later on his –problem- took a deeper hit on him when even as a professional this image continued to follow him. It evolved into harm for himself when he is mistaken for a thief several times. Toward the end the author learns how to manage this issue by cleaning his image, and controlling his rage toward the ones who considered a criminal. Consistent rejection can cause a man –or woman to see the world as of one color or the other, to the extremes. Thus creating a situation of self-blame where one might think and accept that every bad incident its their own fault. He is blaming himself for actions that occur without actual intent of the so-called attacker. In â€Å"Black Men and Public Space,† Staples writes, â€Å"My first victim was a woman† (566). This phrase creates a dark tone that only gets clearer as the essay moves on. The image of – the victim- is passed onto the author itself. And the fact that is proclaiming himself as an aggressor indicates that he has acknowledged this as a reality. In today’s society, people have the tendency to change how they –act and react- toward certain groups of people, places of interaction, friends and strangers. It can range from lowering safety standards when ones home, to the point of running from someone that, by mistake, its portrayed and related to something harmful. This can create a unique experience, most of the time being of uneasiness and stress. Staples write, â€Å"I First began to know the unwieldy inheritance I’d come into- the ability to alter public space in an ugly way† (566). It is clearly stated in the previews quote that the author is now experimenting a new way of social awareness that it’s brought upon him by just being that way he is. It is surprising how fast people tend to judge yet it also can be way of protection. Even though the author might not be the real aggressor that does not takes the fact that another man like him could be the authentic one. Today’s civilization has grown with fear. Fear of loosing what’s theirs, fear of the police, fear of politics, fear of what’s unknown and different. Sometimes this can manifest in avoidance of the subject but in some occasions it can be a little more –active-. Staples writes, â€Å"And I soon gathered that being perceived as dangerous it’s a hazard in itself† (567). As a result of his dangerous association the author realizes that it’s unsafe to be outside too. As some women tend to opt just to sprint away from you, some men might choose to fight the problem. This brings concerns to the author who apart form being socially un-welcome is now threatened by his own naturally built image. Fear is accompanied by a need for survival. Some animals grow being dominant, creating fear to control. Other just decide to hide hoping not to be involved into precarious situations. In â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, Staples describes, â€Å"I chose, perhaps unconsciously, to remain a shadow – timid, but a survivor† (568). Staples explain that he took the –smaller animal- path and tries to remain un-recognizable in order for him to have a safer journey around avoiding confrontation. Is easier to hide that to fight but in the long run that –easiness- brings other problems, where self-blame can evolve to depression and self-depreciation. It comes a time in every man’s life when he has to choose between himself and society. When he has to decide whether to stand on his own or simply hide his true self in order to escape confrontation, arguments and possible rejection. Most people have a tendency to – go with the flow- be just like everyone else. Staple writes, â€Å"I now take precautions to make myself less threatening† (568). This quote describes the idea previously expressed. He chooses to alter his image to make his journey safer. In order to add this newer safer self, he must subtract what he was before, losing his identity. In Staples essay â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, big issues are explored and described in a way that we can relate to without getting lost in the context. On a narrow sense the essay can be viewed as how the author goes through the realization of how he is pictured, moving to the changes he has to make to be -socially- less threatening. Doing this one can go a process of depression and losing identity. This is just the example of only one person but this case is not reserved to him only, it happens to almost everyone and in many different levels. We are 6,602,224,175 humans suffering form all kind of unreal and unfair treatment and as a result, hate and resentment are created, and in fact they are he main cause of racism and un fair treatment towards others thus creating a vicious cycle from which we need to get out in order for humans to walk though these crowded streets in harmony. Work Cited Brent Staples. â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†. Four in One: Rhetoric, Reader, Research Guide, and Handbook. Eds. Eduard A. Dornan and Robert Dees. 5th Edition. Boston: Longman, 2011. 167-169. Print Black Men And Public Space Black Men and Public Space Black Men and Public Space Black Men and Public Space

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Organizational Behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Behaviour - Assignment Example In news conveyance media, the comparison between the newspapers and television broadcasting shows the different constraints through which they undergo to achieve the goal of communication to the public and helps to determine how the operations in those media affect the behaviors of the involved individuals. In television broadcast of information, the involved use voice and video to elaborate the information that they want to present to their audience. This method ensures that the receiver of the information can be able to follow the progress of events in the situation in the covered scene. The method involves the use of voice to describe the events that take place at the scene. On the other hand, newspaper medium reports things that took place in the past times and the presenters of that information use descriptive words and photos of the scene to elaborate the transition of events. This method of spreading information implies that readers of the newspapers may not get the direct exc hange between the involved people unless they infer it from the description of the news reporter (Warner 525). In terms of behavior of the reporters in the television and the newspaper media, it is possible to determine those of the newspaper have to develop their descriptive ability so that they can achieve the goals. On the other hand, television reporters may use less description and reinforce it with the video of the events at the scene they have covered in the process of collecting information. In broadcasting, the newspaper reporters have to have abilities to choose the best way to present the information through developing captivating headlines. On the other hand, television reporters may not require headlines to the information they have to the people but they may start with a short summary of the news they have about the covered scenes during the news session. The newspaper medium of communication is efficient if the target receivers can read and understand the information contained. This means that newspaper presentation of news is limited to a smaller population who can read. Additionally, if an individual cannot read and understand the language in which newspaper information is presented, it means it would be impossible to communicate to such people. Another limitation of newspaper reporting is that it cannot present information immediately it has happened but presents things that happened in the past. This means that newspapers may not be effective in communicating urgent information because the process of collecting editing, preparing and distributing information in the newspaper is long (Warner 526). In broadcasting events to the public, television medium is effective because it can reach those who can understand the language of the news and makes the understanding of information easy by use of videos. The other thing that makes television broadcasting effective is that it can present live coverage of the scene of events. This makes the medium v ery efficient way of attaining the goal of communication especially when the there is an issue of emergency that the target population need to receive (Warner 526). In the process of presentation of information to the public,

Marketing Approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Approaches - Essay Example At present, the world economy is passing through tempestuous times, where effective marketing practices have been recognised by every organisation to survive and succeed (Blythe, 2009). During past few years due to intense competitive rivalry it has become challenging for organisations to sustain a strong position in the industry for long time. Certain organisations have prospered in implementing new marketing practices which have empowered them to accomplish astonishing development while others have succeeded in generating high volumes of sales and ongoing growth. Due to economic globalisation, the traditional marketing principles and practices have become obsolete and customer oriented marketing practices have grown to be popular for organisations. The marketing principles and practices are usually those activities which ensure stable growth for organisations. It has higher worth in terms of overall profitable flow of business (Kamei, 2000). The paper will describe the marketing co ncepts, principles and techniques in international business circumstances. Further, the paper will compare and contrast two leading organisations in the soft drink industry, Coca-Cola and Pepsi regarding different market oriented approaches they have taken. Market Segmentation Market segmentation is a vital marketing practice for any organisation to focus on a particular customer segment which willingly purchases the products and the services. Effective marketing segmentation can ensure highest return. In order to segment the market, organisations need to consider the products’ offerings (Business Resource Software, 2011). Market segment consists of customer groups with similar desires and requirements. It is the task of organisation to identify those groups which will be the target for selling the brands. Segmentation can be done in two ways namely mass marketing and targeted marketing. In mass marketing principle, organisations attempt to target whole market instead of a sp ecific customer segment, and in targeted marketing organisations desire to earn income from a particular segment. Both companies, Coca-Cola and Pepsi follow targeted marketing. Their products are aimed for particular customer segments (Lamb, 2008; Jobber, 2010). Market Segmentation of Coca-Cola & Pepsi Coca-Cola can be regarded as one of the most successful soft drink brands, which has successfully segmented its market. The products of Coca-Cola target different customer segments. For example, one of its products named â€Å"Light Cola† was considered as ‘girlish’ and ‘feminine’ by customers, thus the company had developed â€Å"Coke Zero† which is targeted at male customer segment with high health awareness (Mittal & Et. Al., 2010). Similarly, Pepsi also provides ranges of soft drinks by targeting different customer segments, such as sport drinks and energy drinks are targeted for customers who are related with athletic activities and â€Å" Diet Pepsi† is targeted for people who are very much health conscious. In terms of geographical segmentation, both companies marketing practices are different in hot regions such as Asia, Africa, or Middle East in comparison to cold regions such as America or Europe. With respect to age, Coca-Cola mainly targets every age of customers, especially family segments and Pepsi generally targets their products to younger generations. In terms of psychographic segmentation, Coca-Cola seeks to appeal to subculture and focuses mainly on

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Bibliography Annotated Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Annotated Bibliography Example In justifying this, the author expounds on how he jumped from profession to profession before settling on teaching as a profession at the end of the day. Additionally, the article asserts that education divides students according to performance. This is justified by the authors claim that teachers divide students through grading and ranking. The author also associates schools with laboratories of experimentation. According to him, schools teach children to behave as well as becoming servants. The author justifies this by expressing his belief that most teachers educate students instead of schooling them (689). The article also claims that education plays a very significant role in producing mediocre students. This is justified by the authors belief that education system in the U.S. denies children a chance of developing leadership skills. The points and arguments expressed in the article are defendable, most people in the world work in the fields that they do not like or enjoy. Howev er, the author of the article also made a great mistake in associating provision of education with production of mediocre students. The author, an average student from one of the schools in the U.S., uses the academic performance of children in the U.S. to criticize the U.S. academic system. He believes that the education system in the U.S. contribute significantly in the production of mediocre citizens. He expounds this by providing detailed information about the challenges he underwent together with his schoolmates while schooling. The author also details on how most teachers teach what they did not know. He justifies this by giving an example of a teacher who ensured they have read multiple books in order to complete the semester. He further claims that apart from many parents not following up the performance of their children at school, very few teachers worked hard with an aim of

Friday, July 26, 2019

WEB SITE RESEARCH PROJECT (US History) Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WEB SITE PROJECT (US History) - Research Paper Example An influential American artist during that time was Jackson Pollock. It was in the middle of the 1940s when Pollock introduced his drip method which immediately attracted the attention of the American public since it was unconventional. The drip method defied the conventional use of the easel for painting, instead, stick and stiff brushes were used by Pollock. The drip method of painting can be considered as the origin of action painting which is popularly held annually is public museums. Moreover, Pollock painted on the floor, not in the traditional upright position. Again, he was making a statement, trying to defy the traditional method practiced during his time. It can also be inferred from the presentation that Pollack achieved cult status since he was credited for changing the face of art through American methods. The website chosen is an article about Jackson Pollock. This article was chosen over other websites since it portrays and analyzes not only the works of the man but the man himself too.The article titled â€Å" Last Dance† is an art review of the works done by Pollock throughout his career. It was titled â€Å"Last Dance† since the critic sees Pollock as a graceful dancer when executing his paintings. As Haber claims â€Å"He laid it on with care, in dabs of black and skeins of intense color. He let it run off as he circled a canvas, as if it flowed from the motion of his body† ( paragraph 1 ). This article highlights Pollock’s genius in combining murals and drama as expressed by the use of Cubism, similar to that of Mexican muralists. After criticizing Pollock’s self-portrait, the critic then narrates the interesting and exciting journeys of Pollock into his life as an artist. The critic considers Pollock a rebel in expressing Abstract Art through his ( Pollock’s) extensive use of drippings that seem to be random but would converge later and produce a work of Art. In fact Haber’s critic

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Project Management Trends Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project Management Trends - Research Paper Example Having an understanding of the trend provides better understanding and lays the ground for success in the field. Agile in project management is the main trend that is evident and has been taken up in managing projects owing to its cost effectiveness and allows for human needs such as purpose, mastery, and autonomy to be reflected in the project. Agile requires the project team to receive constant feedback and the consistent use of Scrum methodology in agile has increased. Organizations that were reluctant in implementing agile have implemented and showed a high commitment ensuring success. In my view, agile is set to stay and will be the main approach for management of projects in a few years owing to the many disadvantages it derives to organizations, project managers, employees, and other stakeholders. Project management has also seen the trend of distributed leadership among team members with each member having to step up to ensure achievement of self-organizing teams. The implementation of agile has resulted in the increased importance of teamwork and collaboration and shared responsibility among project team members in the process distributing leadership responsibilities. The importance of leadership understanding the needs of the team, development of lasting relationships among the team members, and connecting with the people has been emphasized in recent years in project management. Distributed leadership responsibilities among the team members allow for high responsibility for the success of the project and high motivation by the members augmenting the success of projects and accelerating decision-making in teams. The other trend in project management that has emerged in recent years is global project operation and development. Online project management through cloud-based applications and software has enabled project management to operate globally through proving information on scheduling, communications,

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Critically Evaluate Why 'Organisational Studies' Are Important In Essay

Critically Evaluate Why 'Organisational Studies' Are Important In Contemporary Business' OR Why Do We Study Behaviour In Business - Essay Example Discussion Organizational behaviour is important because it aims at focusing its attention on the employees of the organization from a humanistic point of view. It addresses the concerns of fulfilling the needs of the employees so as to generate motivation among the workforce. The implementation of organizational behaviour stools in the business also works towards achieving the organization’s objectives. This is done by integrating the objectives of the employees and the organization so as to create a synergy which makes it easier to achieve both the objectives simultaneously. The organizational behaviour is used to analyze an employee’s behaviour with respect to his psychological frame of mind as well as the social and cultural factors. The analysis is done into study and focus on the human behaviour issues in individuals, groups as well as the organization as a whole. There are different types of organizational behaviour models which are described as follows: Autocrat ic: The autocratic model is based on the power being held within the managerial orientation of the authority. This model was prevalent during the Industrial Revolution. The management is taken as the final authority and employees are supposed to follow the orders of the management. There are rigid control systems in the organization and there is little scope of individuality. The disadvantage of this model is that it incurs high cost in the human aspects; the performances are lower than in other models and so are the remunerations. There tends to be unfair practices and exploitation in the existence of this model. Though this is a harsh model, with the people in power... This report stresses that there is much significance of organizational behaviour studies in today’s corporate world. In today’s corporate world, organizations are beginning to implement organizational behaviour as an n intricate part of training and development processes. They are taking organizational behaviour as an important tool for optimally utilizing an employee’s personality and adaptability by successfully motivating the employee and channelizing his behaviour towards achieving better performance for the individual employee as well as the organization. This paper makes a conclusion that the study of organizational behaviour helps the company to manage the diversity of their work force i.e. they find it easier to integrate a heterogeneous group of people into their workforce by understanding and balancing the different behaviour and expectations of people from different geographic areas, race, sexual orientation, age, religion, education as well as different behaving and communicating styles. The implementation of organizational behaviour in the business helps improve the interpersonal dynamics within the employees, and helps to achieve higher levels of competency and creativity because the needs of the employees are understood and fulfilled within the organization. The managers develop a good understanding of the way the human behaviour works and thus they can control and influence their behaviour so as to match the required standards of the organization for meeting the organizational goals.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

News Release Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News Release - Assignment Example According to Ross, the report showed a disturbing behavior of some members of the team. Nevertheless, he is pleased with the affirmation of Coach Joe Philbin’s commitment to sportsmanlike conduct among team members. â€Å"We are committed to a positive workplace environment where everyone treats each other with respect. We have reviewed our Code of Conduct and workplace policies and are making enhancements to the areas of sports psychology, human resources and player engagement functions which serve as safe outlets for any player or employee.† The issue of bullying as alleged by Jonathan Martin against offensive line members Richie Incognito, John Jerry and Mike Pouncey brings to light this matter. The organization does not take these accusations lightly and is committed to the formation of a Code of Conduct that will enable the organization to move forward and foster a harmonious relationship that will hopefully apply not only to the Dolphins but to sports as a whole. Ross reiterates, â€Å"I have made it clear to everyone within our organization that this situation must never happen again. We are committed to address this issue forcefully and to take a leadership role in establishing a standard that will be a benchmark in all of sports.† Miami Dolphins will host a press conference at 2 p.m. on June 6, 2014, at the Sun Life Stadium where Mr. Stephen Ross will be available together with Coach Joe Philbin for questions. Requests for media credentials to attend the news conference should be directed to Your Name at

Orenthal James Simpson Essay Example for Free

Orenthal James Simpson Essay The well publicized trial of O. J. Simpson for the double homicide of his ex-wife and her friend focused national attention on the decision-making process of jurors. Because the defendant in the case, which was based primarily on circumstantial evidence, was a black celebrity and the victims were white, much media commentary focused on the influence of racial factors. The defense strategy for O. J. Simpson increased concern about race; central to the defense was a theory that Simpson was framed in a conspiracy by the Los Angeles Police Department due to racial prejudice against the defendant. As the nation watched the proceedings of the trial, questions arose as to whether the jury would be influenced by racial factors when reaching a verdict. The political means for reaching that end differ. On the side are those who align themselves with conservatives and believe that the multiracial needs to focus on removing the concept of race either through the introduction of multiracial category or by advocating for color-blind agendas; on the other side are those who align themselves with liberals and believe that multiracial people should be protected group. It is perfect, as the prosecutors in this case tell us, but coupled with the testimony of a witness; both types of evidence are bolstered. In this case as well the best scientific evidence, including DNA identification, can be nullified by the specter of tainted samples or sloppy handling procedures. This is almost certainly in large part a result of the prevalence in our society of institutionalized racism, in which discrimination on the grounds of racial differences is so deeply enshrined into the systems within which we live that even those who are fair-minded and just somehow become separated from their own personal beliefs and instead get drawn into processes. The struggle over whose account of events would be believed by the jury formed the basis of the trial. Since O. J. ’s trial arose as an accusation of murder, his defense could either a denial of guilt altogether or an excuse or a justification. Low profile criminal cases experience an echo or ripple effect set off by those criminal trials that are represented extensively in the media. While it has been generally recognized that in high profile trials, publicity both before and during the trial, has direct and indirect effects on the actions of attorneys, witnesses, judges, jurors, and the viewing audiences, it is also true that high-profile criminal trials may have an even greater impact on the formal and informal operations of the everyday practices of law enforcement and adjudication, affecting the outcomes of tens of thousands of low-profile criminal cases. But the defense chose the first option. While presenting few details of O. J. ’s actions on the evening in question, the defense focused on every procedural miscue by LAPD investigators to create their counter-story that a racist police department framed the defendant. The prosecution sought to prove O. J. guilt beyond a reasonable doubt,† but spent an extraordinary amount of time countering the combined racist cops/inept lab technicians defense. Since O. J. never testified the DA did not have to directly counter any excused or justifications O.  J. might have offered for any of the acts said to be related to the crime. While prior research supports the influence of juror-defendant racial similarity on verdicts, there appear to be no empirical studies examining this variable with minority defendants of high socioeconomics status. Traditionally most of the publicity associated with trials is not viewed as pretrial publicity. Pretrial publicity commonly refers to the publicity that surrounds high profile criminal defendants and their ability to get a fair trial. It is also true, notwithstanding, that low-profile or non-publicized criminal defendants, who are involved more typically in plea-bargaining and less typically in jury trials, are indirectly affected by high-profile or media-covered criminal trials. Claims of racial discrimination have echoed in our courtrooms for decades; however, black defendants have not typically received the publicity that O. J. Simpson did. But O. J. Simpson was not a typical black defendant; not only was he a popular celebrity, he was also very wealthy. The question then became whether Simpson would be treated the same way other black defendants are treated. In June of 1994, Nicole Brown ex-wife of and Ronald Goldman a waiter who has her friend. â€Å"A veteran Los Angeles homicide policeman, one of the first officers to arrive at Nicole Brown Simpson’s townhouse at 875 South Bundy Avenue they called it the bloodiest crime scene they ever seen. † (Walton, 2006)The bodies of the two victims were found shortly before midnight lying in pools of blood on the Spanish-style walkway leading to the $700,000 townhouse. The thirty-five-year-old ex-wife’s throat was slashed through to the spinal cord, leaving a five-and-a-half-inch gash from the left side of her neck to the right ear. The issues on determination of sentence would be mostly likely to conduct; disagreements adjacent to the undetermined sentence have been many and wide-ranging. Besides the criticism of ineffectiveness, they have deal with two parts of apparent vital flaws. Sentencing judgment has been extensively burdened as subjective, impulsive and leading to unprovoked discrepancy. The apprehensively felt by the offender has been thought to be unreasonable; on the other hand the effective disagreement that such vagueness is counterproductive to rehabilitative intends also has been made. These allegations, joint with to countless, and current legislation in an amount of states as well as the national authority has stimulated in direction of larger determinacy. Current studies advocate that, under legislatively set determinate sentencing, revisions are almost unremitting, typically in an increasing trend, with little consideration to the impact of revisions or corrections or even the crime rate. This is very good corroborative evidence, the scientific analysis of fingerprints, DNA, ballistic or documents can have a real impact on a jury. This type of evidence is objective and persuasive as opposed to the subjective and often unpersuasive testimony of the informant. Officer looks for opportunities to bring this type of dispassionate and objective evidence into the courtroom in support of building the witness foundation of procedural and methodological soundness. The defense technique was applied to perfection in the O. J. Simpson case. Defense counsel Johnny Cochran masterfully attacked the investigators and their process. Regardless of what you think of Cochran or his client, the defense team brilliantly destroyed the prosecution case. So powerful was their offensive that 12 jurors were eventually convinced not only did the glove not fit but that the entire investigative process was criminally defective, and they shamelessly acquitted the defendant. It is best to eliminate such concerns preemptively and forestall any attempts by the opposition to discredit the evidence. A rigorous, complete chain of custody paper trail and careful, no-nonsense procedures in sampling, transporting, storing and analyzing the evidence will be a valuable insurance policy in favor of success at trial. But these issues did emerge in the opening and closing arguments and when interruption of evidence was discussed on the witness stand by experts or eyewitnesses. Ultimately each alleged aspect of the killing, including the events said to lead up to it, were subject to account offering and account refuting. As can be observed elsewhere in our legal system, concerned defendants and wrongdoers attack the investigators and the investigative process when the facts are not in their favor. If the accused is able to attack hard enough and long enough, somebody may eventually believe them. The responses on the subject to the same kind of analysis as offerings of excuses or justifications for O. J. for the cops, for the coroner’s office, for the defense attorneys for the prosecution, for the judge, for the jury. â€Å"Individuals defended or attacked O.  J. ’s credibility, debated whether LAPD detectives were smart enough to carry out a conspiracy to frame O. J. , whether the judge was biased, whether the defense played the race card whether Nicole was partially responsible for her demise. â€Å" (Gallup Newport, 2006) Notions of equality racism and anti-racism tend to appear in constructionist work, not as objects for scrutiny or as explicitly strategic essences, but as taken-for-granted foundations, providing common-sense moral and political coherence and direction. The spectacle of O. J. Simpson legal procedure showed how a literature practice ended up convoluting justice. In fact literate law is not meant to serve justice. Its purpose is to use the law to acquit a client. A micro-level phenomenon such as prejudice is a historical concept but it can be incorporated into a historic framework. In such a framework, prejudice and racist ideology can be explained in terms of the structure of inequality in the base of society, which gives rise to both of them. Wrapping up the trial proceedings provides another opportunity to review the case, the defense team argued for jury nullification and send message about racism. Which lead to dialogue about how cultural experiences shape the way people view life. Though in Simpson case, the outcome gives a lot of views and human behavior vary so much across situation with any gratis that is provided by the government, that is why proper assessment in such referral must undertake to provide the students and their parents the explanation of the evaluation for them to understand the process of acquiring the service. Law enforcement investigative methods are perhaps more closely scrutinized now than in decades past. The significant of case investigators, as they build the work performed during a different period and perhaps a different level of expectation and subsequently develop it to meet its standards. Evidence identification and collection practices have a directly effect in their ability to conduct and resolve any case investigations. The impact of the crime can be ruthless and atrocious. The victims of rape endure weeks of physical pain and years of psychological agony. Businesses suffer massive dollar losses and some go bankrupt due to employee theft and Shoplifting Victims of break-ins spend sleepless nights wondering if the same burglar might return again. Citizens everywhere hear stories about crimes that happen to their friends, relatives, and neighbors; television and newspapers daily thrust the pain of crime’s victims into our lives. The impacts of crime are real, but surprisingly some costs are difficult to measure and where measurable, often are not well documented. The result is a public picture of crime’s costs that is as much myth and exaggeration as fact and truth. Yet it is from the society’s point of view, no matter how accurate or inaccurate, that much of public policy and governmental effort to combat crime is based. This social impact is more or less vulnerable since their position in the society. People who have least power socially suffer most from crime. Most relevant here are the social relationship of age, class, gender and race. When analyzed in focusing on the combination of these fundamental social relationships, allows us to note the extraordinary differences between social groups as to both the impact of crime and the focus of policing. Crime scenario has no room for differing sensibilities to the impoliteness which they describe or the differing power of different communities to deal with such things and resists the downward slide. Arguments are to take into account the social impact of crime; it is on the poorest and least resourced neighborhoods that they should focus their attention. Economic impact of crime in the society is also annoying, the cost of crime are simply part of the overhead of running a modern society. A certain amount of costs is unavoidable; since the society spends just enough so that, in a social optimum, the marginal money spent for crime control equals the marginal revenue from reduced crime. Calculating the burden of crime could be an ideal state in which there is no occurrence of criminal behavior defined by existing law. Economic costs of crime arise when crime causes society to divert time, energy and resources from more productive resources. Cost of crime does not only include property losses, medical costs and pay losses due to injury. They also include costs of public and private efforts made to prevent and reduce future crime rates as well as costs of the criminal justice system. The consistent ideal characteristic of criminal law may it be politically, specificity, uniformity and penal sanction. They may be viewed as translations of these characteristics into statements of the ideal characteristics of major crimes. And in thorough study in crimes here are the characteristics of major crimes. 1. The behavior must have certain external consequences. Since a crime must have a harmful impact on the social interests; a mental or emotional state is not enough. The intention is not taken for the deed. 2. The harm must be outlawed. Any engaging immoral behavior is not crime unless the behavior has been specifically outlawed in advanced, criminal law does not have retroactive effect. . There must be conduct, must have an intentional or reckless act or omission which produces the harmful consequences. 4. Has a criminal intent, the motive for a crime may good but the intention might be to affect an outlawed harm, a criminal intent. 5. Fusion intent and the conduct do not fuse or concur. 6. Has a casual relation between the voluntary misconduct and the outlawed harm. Like what mentioned above crime has a major impact on the society especially in present highlighted form. The large-scale of crime of our days evokes fear and terror in the society; it has a terrible effect on the climate of opinion, results in the diminishing of the authority of the state, and the increase of taking justice into our own hands. The establishment of the perpetrators responsibility is slowly dwindling. It becomes more and more obvious that besides state criminal investigation, the crime prevention activity of the local and other communities is an essential factor. Prevention of crimes through environmental design, social control, encloses/ access control; criminal justice; and defensible space. These are all based on the premise that multiple housing has inevitable side effects which are sometimes undesirable and that it is possible to develop guidelines to avoid these since crimes amongst strangers are in part a simple by product of the numbers of unacquainted people who come in close physical contact. The impacts of crime are real, but surprisingly some costs are difficult to measure and where measurable. It can be harsh and brutal, public picture of crime’s costs that is as much myth and exaggeration as fact and truth. It is from the citizen’s point of view, no matter how accurate or inaccurate, that much of public policy and governmental effort to combat crime is based. Possible ascertain whether a crime has been prevented as a result of a crime prevention program. The majority of evaluations of crime efforts focus on interventions to address pre-existing crime problems and the impact of an intervention over a time period. †¢ Murder is an act of killing innocent person intentionally. †¢ Assault is an act of forceful throbbing directly or indirectly to other human beings. Kidnapping forceful abduction with an intention to ask for ransom. Basic Theory that makes it clear that the specific theoretical law which develop in the course of its unfolding and the subsequent applications of these laws to describing and explaining concrete empirical situations can be regarded as the generation by the basic theory of special theories. The behavioral model incorporates elements of organization learning, conflict resolution, shot run reaction to change in the society. Despite what appears to be only a recent concern for repaying the crime for the loss, the practice is historically quite ancient. Regulating the criminal process, reparation occurred taken by the victim against the offender. The state took control of crime justice; such revenge became in itself a criminal act. Increasing the dominance over human activities, it is also enhanced its control over criminal justice. Contribution of famous law makers makes sure that the basis of the legal system of various nations from the Roman regime to the present. The issues on determination of sentence would be mostly likely to conduct; disagreements adjacent to the undetermined sentence have been many and wide-ranging. Besides the criticism of ineffectiveness, they have deal with two parts of apparent vital flaws. Sentencing judgment has been extensively burdened as subjective, impulsive and leading to unprovoked discrepancy. Sentencing judgment has been extensively burdened as subjective, impulsive and leading to unprovoked discrepancy. The apprehensively felt by the offender has been thought to be unreasonable; on the other hand the effective disagreement that such vagueness is counterproductive to rehabilitative intends also has been made. The apprehensively felt by the offender has been thought to be unreasonable; on the other hand the effective disagreement that such vagueness is counterproductive to rehabilitative intends also has been made. These allegations, joint with to countless, and current legislation in an amount of states as well as the national authority has stimulated in direction of larger determinacy. Current studies advocate that, under legislatively set determinate sentencing, revisions are almost unremitting, typically in an increasing trend, with little consideration to the impact of revisions or corrections or even the crime rate.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Glow Essay Example for Free

Glow Essay Investigation of the effect of cold temperatures on the lasting time of glow sticks. Aim: to investigate whether freezing a glow stick will affect its longevity. Hypothesis: The glow sticks will last longer when they are frozen than when they are at room temperature. Background information: Glow sticks are made of hydrogen peroxide, a phenyl oxalate called ester, and phosphorescent dye. The ester and phosphorescent dye are kept in one part of the glow stick, the hydrogen peroxide in the other, separated by a piece of glass. No chemical reaction occurs until the glass breaks, combining the chemicals together inside the tube. Cooling a glow stick slows the reaction a slightly and causes it to last longer, but the light is dimmer. This can be demonstrated by freezing an activated glow stick. When it is reheated, it will begin to glow again. However, if the chemical reaction has already occurred and the glow stick has already gone out, freezing the glow stick will not cause it to begin glowing again. A high quality glow stick will last 8-12 hours, provided there is no otherwise interference. It will glow faintly for about one day after this time period is over, however the primary glow will have gone out. Other factors, such as the color of the glow stick (Green, yellow and orange are the brightest colors and therefore last the longest. ), the previous treatment of the glow sticks (Sometimes, a glow stick will have been accidently activated by being knocked over or bumped before the activator intends to, meaning that the chemical reaction may have already occurred by the time it is intended to be activated. ) and the amount of light they are exposed to and for how long. (Being hit with direct light damages the glow stick, lessening its longevity. )

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Nursing Retention in South Africa

Nursing Retention in South Africa 2nd Paper Quantitative Research Title Mokoka,K.E., Ehlers, V.J. Oosthuizen, M.J. (2011). Factors influencing the retention of registered nurses in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Curationis, 34(1), 9. Retrieved from http://dx.doi. org/10.4102/curationis. v34i1.16 Introduction South African Nursing Council has predicted a critical nursing staff shortage within the country in the near future. This phenomena occurred as the number of nurse graduates has reduced by 42% over a period of 10 years. The authors carried out this exploratory descriptive quantitative study with the intention to investigate work related factors that influence nurses decision to stay with current employer. Questionnaires were posted to 536 registered nurses selected using random sampling method. Authors employed postal questionnaires as data collection instrument to targeted respondents with covering letters and stamped addressed return envelope. However, only 108 questionnaires returned where 73.1% of responded nurses expressed thoughts of leaving their job. Data analysis of this study employed quantitative descriptive procedures using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) tool. As a result, financial factors was the most important factor influencing nurses retention. Re commendations based on the results of this study made to the employers for implementation to reduce turnover and enhance retention. Data collection method will be discussed in this study. Data collection method Structured self report survey-based method was used by the authors in the data collection. Researchers have the options of face to face interview, phone interview, postal questionnaires and online (electronic) questionnaires. Since this cross sectional quantitative survey consisted of large number of sample to achieve generalization of the study, postal questionnaires as data collection instrument is favored (Stenhammar et al., 2011). In addition to that, Ashby et al. (2010) reported that postal questionnaires tool is frequently used for health services research. In fact, postal questionnaires approach used by researchers can be distributed throughout a wider geographic area thus increases the number of return samples. McDonald and Adam (2003) claimed that postal data collection received twice response rate than online method. Similarly, Shih and Fan (2007) reported that postal mail survey gives better response rate as compare to electronic mail after a review into 35 studies. Subsequently, high questionnaires response rate will ensure studys validity and avoid bias (Stenhammar et al., 2011). However, postal survey with incomplete questionnaires is excluded hence the occurrence of item-missing data reduce s data quality. Meanwhile, force function set up to ensure completion of questionnaire for online data is not possible for postal data. Indeed, Basi (1999) found that completion of data by online respondent is more than that of postal respondent. On the contrary, Stanton (1998) compared postal and online questionnaires and suggested that there were no differences in the item variability and amount of incomplete data. Even so, there were variety of findings in the studies that compare the postal and online methods (e.g. Buchanan,2003; Epstein et al., 2001; Lewis et al., 2009). As many researchers begin to recognize the impending trend where network interactions progressively gain popularity among the population, it is highly possible that electronic devices will play an active role in time. According to McDonald and Adam (2003), online technologies might include interactive television, handphones and 3D simulations touch screen devices. However in 1999, Dommeyer and Moriarty concluded that online data collection methods do not result in higher response levels and Cobanoglu et al. (2001) stated that postal survey was a common research method in year 2000. When exploring the social background of the participants, mail response samples showed conventional and introvert profiles. Whereas, the online response samples showed profile of technology savvy group (Schillewaert Meulemeester, 2005). Clearly, penetration of technologies and adaptation of users are other important factors to consider by researchers while referring to the social-demographics pattern of t he population. There were total of 89 questions in this study that may reduce the response rate significantly. Given the circumstances that nurses in the sample group have been busy at workplace and back home (handling household chore), they are less likely to participate in the study actively. In this case, question designs by researchers must be focused and short to extract required information and encourage participation. As pointed out in a pilot study carried out by Jepson et al. (2004) the threshold for questionnaire length on a favorable response rate was approximately 1000 words. In addition, Edwards et al. (2003) supported this hypothesis after the review of 251 relevant reports concluding that using shorter questionnaire increases response rate. In another word, questionnaire design is important to speed up returns. All things considered, novice researchers consider the use of questionnaires are advised to refer experts and literature on the similar study ( Drummond et al., 2007; Dunn et al., 2002; Marshall, 2004 ). Then again, traditional research method such as postal survey costs more as compared to online survey. Postal cost includes those of printing, preparing mail cover and two way postage (MacDonald Adam, 2003; Mehta Sivadas, 1995; Weibie Wallace, 1998). Moreover, to improve postal questionnaire response rates few measures were introduced for examples including pencils and erasers in the postage package, sending reminder in the form of text messages or electronic mail. For the study on cost effectiveness of including pencils and erasers, Aveyard et al. (2001) found that there was no benefit shown to set off the cost. Nevertheless, text messages as suggested can be conveniently implemented as a strategy to increase response rate by researchers because participants take shorter time to access text messages on phone than electronic mail ( Keding et al., 2016; Man et al., 2010). Conclusion Selection of data collection instrument is essential to enhance survey quality while taking into consideration the aspect of accuracy, cost and timeliness. Unfortunately, studies looking at comparative result among different data collection methods over the years has produced conflicting outcome (Weigold et al., 2013). In time, health care providers being the technologically sophisticated population may be able to provide higher response rate in web-based survey with the improvement of internet accessibility and successful technology adoption (Weible Wallace, 1998). On the whole, ongoing study is required to monitor the evolution of health care research so that the researchers can decide on the suitable method for their studies.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

The Disturbing Role of Television in Accidents and Deaths Involving Children :: Term Papers Research

The Disturbing Role of Television in Accidents and Deaths Involving Children Imagine being a mother or a father standing in the kitchen doing dishes when out of nowhere a familiar scream hits your ears. The first thing you do is ask yourself â€Å"Where are my kids?† The phone rings and your next-door neighbor informs you that he/she has called 911 and you should come right away. You slam down the phone and in a panic you run down your walk across the street, arriving just as the ambulance backs into the drive. Next thing you know your 11-year-old son Billy, broken and bleeding, is being sped to the hospital. Far-fetched, as this story may seem it is happening more and more everyday. Billy got hurt because he and his friends were re-enacting a move they had seen on WWF the night before. Does television really influence good kids to do bad things? The answer is yes depending on the type of program and its content. At a young age children absorb everything they see and hear including things that adults see as minor, or non-influential. Television can do several things, create ideas in a child’s mind, pacify physical energy that could be used productively, tell children that unacceptable behavior is ok, and that humans are invincible. All of these ideas are false and can lead to destructive behavior and circumstances, and in some cases death. â€Å"The statistical correlation between childhood exposure to violence in media and aggressive behavior is about the same as that between smoking and lung cancer† (Atkinson, Michael. 59) (put a period after the parenthetical citation, and only include the author’s last name and page number in parentheses) We all know that for anyone who smokes a great deal lung cancer is almost inevitable, this causes great concern because most children spend much of their spare time in front of the television or playing video games. (make more explicit the connection between the effects of smoking and the effects of watching too much TV) Many childhood accidents related to television are in the form of copycat crimes says Michael Atkinson in his article â€Å"The movies made me do it†, â€Å"Copycat crimes have attained front-burner notoriety, and some day soon Hollywood’s liberty will be pitted against the perceived welfare of American children† (58). Many chil dren’s cartoons such as â€Å"X Men† and â€Å"PokeMon† tend to be very violent and anger oriented, (semicolon) therefore when children copycat what they see often times they end up hurting themselves or someone else, possibly even causing death.

Radio Frequency Weapons and the Next Phase of Terrorism :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Radio Frequency Weapons and the Next Phase of Terrorism         Ã‚  Ã‚  Abstract:   This paper examines different types of radio frequency ("RF") weapons that are currently being developed.   It discusses the different types of weapons that currently exist, explains why they would be useful to terrorists, and explores different ways to defend against them.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recent media articles have put forth the idea of the "RF weapon," something that has been described as if it were a magical gun that can bring the United States to its knees.   While these weapons do exist, the threat they pose is far less widespread and dangerous than articles such as "RF Weapons Attacking Our Freedom?" propose.   Having said that, however, the threat is real, and steps need to be taken to defend against RF weaponry.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the first distinctions that should be drawn in this discussion is that between RF weapons and EMP weapons.   An EMP (electromagnetic pulse) is usually employed by detonating a thermonuclear devices at high altitudes (500 miles or more) above the Earth.   The resulting electromagnetic pulse cripples any electronic equipment within its path.   Thus, one nuclear device can be used to cripple the modern infrastructure of an entire nation [1].   An RF device is effective over a much smaller range, but it can cause just as much damage [2].      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to David Shriner, a former military engineer and expert on RF technology, there are a number of different types of RF weapons, which are also referred to as High Powered Microwave (HPM) weapons.   The first type is the conventional RF weapon, which sends out a concentrated band of radio waves toward a target.   These radio waves act in a way similar to the waves inside a normal microwave oven; given a sufficient amount of power, they can be used to heat and damage electronic equipment operating at the same frequency.   Because of this need to match frequency with the target, conventional RF weapons require prior research and intelligence before they can be deployed effectively by terrorists [3].      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A second, more insidious type of HPM weapon is what Shriner calls the Transient Electromagnetic Device (TED).   Instead of producing a sine wave at a particular frequency (as conventional RF devices do), the TED creates a sudden spike of energy that can last as little as 100 picoseconds (the amount of time it takes light to travel about 1.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Existentialism :: essays research papers

Existentialism In our individual routines, each and every one of us strive to be the best that we are capable of being. How peculiar this is; we aim for similar goals, yet the methods we enact are unique. Just as no two people have the same fingerprint, no two have identical theories on how to live life. While some follow religious outlines to aspire to a level of moral excellence, others pursue different approaches. Toward the end of the Nineteenth-Century and on through the mid-Twentieth, a movement followed "existentialism," a philosophical theory of life, in order to achieve such a level. Even though the idea of existentialism is complex, certain themes are common amongst philosophers and authors: moral individualism, freedom of choice, responsibility, alienation. Fundamental to understanding existentialism is the conception of moral individualism. Existentialism rejects traditional ethical endeavors. Philosophers since the time of Aristotle, circa Third-Century B.C.E. (before the common era), have held that everyone should aim for a common peak of ethical achievement. Aristotle argued for the existence of a divine being, described as the "Prime Mover," who is responsible for the unity and purposefulness of nature. In order for humanity to attain such a climax, everyone must imitate The Almighty's perfect profile. Aristotle's basic philosophy deduces that humanity strives for an identical peak of moral excellence, as judged by a higher being (Aristotle). Existentialism declares that the individual must choose his way; there is no predetermination. Since the universe is meaningless and absurd, people must set their own ethical standards. The universe does not predetermine moral rules. Each person strives toward a unique moral perfection. The Nineteenth- Century Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard, who was the first writer to call himself e)existential, reacted against tradition by insisting that the highest good for the individual is to find his uniqueness. His journal reads, 'I must find a truth that is true for me ... the idea for which I can live or die" (Existentialism). Existentialists believe that morality depends on the individual, rather than a supreme being. Next to moral individualism, the inevitability of choice is the most prominent existentialist theory. Existentialism assert that people do not have a fixed nature, as other animals and plants do. Our choices determine who we are. The Twentieth-Century French philosopher Jean Paul Sartre proclaimed that the most Important choice is the choice of ourselves. Each character makes choices that create his nature. Existence suggests freedom where mankind is open to a future that is determined by choice and action. Choice is inescapable and central to human existence; the refusal to choose is a choice. Even when a

Thursday, July 18, 2019

The Racism of “Diversity”

This summary was from an article entitled â€Å"The Racism of Diversity† written by Peter Schwartz on December 15, 2003. It was taken from Capitalism Magazine made available in the internet, the URL of which is http://www.capmag.com/article.asp?ID=3399.The author is the chairman of the board of directors of the Ayn Rand Institute.The aforementioned article dealt specifically on the distinction of racism vis-à  -vis diversity in the school setting particularly in universities and colleges. Many school administrations have differing views about diversity and racism bringing along a positive and negative connotations depending upon how one interprets it.But the bottom line is, diversity can be constructive if it suggests integration of races in order to learn and understand the races of other people. However, it is said to be destructive if diversity â€Å"propagates all the evils inherent in racism† as stated by Schwartz in his paper.Along this line, the admission of mul ti-racial enrollees in an educational institution may have interesting and disparaging effects for contrasting races or skin color. Because of the mixing of races in one school, racial division is highly emphasized thereby causing segregation of residence halls, cafeterias, and organizations. Diversity in this sense is not helpful to solve the problem of inter-tribal conflict but instead underscores the differences between races.On the other hand, diversity is also deemed to be an excellent learning method inside the school to rule out individualism and foster unity and understanding. It provides a channel in which a race can express itself for the alien tribes to appreciate the ethnicity of a certain group of people because it is believed that one’s colors determines one’s ideas and perspectives of things in one’s environment.At present, the issue of â€Å"color-blindness† or being non-discriminative in terms of skin color remains a controversial issue i n universities and colleges.â€Å"Diversity† advocates are moving toward better grasp of this subject matter, however, the long-time history of racial discrimination has indoctrinated and passed on from one generation to another. One’s bloodline speaks louder than words despite the fact that it is not a person’s fault to be born in a particular race whether one is brown-eyed or green-eyed.The sole purpose of this paper is to remind the readers that racial diversities are still existent among our learning institutions and it has tremendous effects on students and on how they deal and treat one another.Education through diversity is very ideal but very hard to comprehend because of things that cannot be changed. This change does not take overnight to be materialized, but it takes further orientation, education and re-orientation to instill its importance in the hearts and minds of people.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Animal Farm Is Not Just About a Story About Animals It Is About Human Nature and Behaviour

fleshly Farm living organism Farm is non just about a written report about animals it is about human constitution and doings. living organism Farm by George Orwell is a legend based on the lives of a nine of animals living on the manor house Farm. Although the title of the book suggests the book is scarce about animals, the base is a oft more in depth epitome of the workss of community in communistic Russia.The animals atomic number 18 used as puppets to expound how the communist class transcription operated, and how Russian citizens responded to this, and how propaganda was used by early Russian leadership such as Stalin, and the arrange this type of leadership had on the doings of the mountain of Russia. One affair which relates to the field of study is how the pigs be favoured on physical Farm.The chief(prenominal) source for this was because their leader Napolean was a pig, the pigs were crush to favouritism by Napolean, and were given privileges that different animals were not given, such as quiescence in beds, wearing clothes and alcoholism beer. The pigs were also the only animals involved in do the vital decisions on Animal Farm. The fact emulates in a manner how our Government tends to operate. The Government Party members ar paid an exuberant amount of specie, with this money the members of the Government can purchase dear(p) cars and houses, if they wish to do so.They make only the important decisions about the country where as the tax payers rarely behave a say in it. Another thing that Animal Farm and to eld society have in common is that the powerless mass are subject to propaganda . In Animal Farm Squealer and Napolean used propaganda by telling the animals that Snowball was a traitor, and convince them that he was a criminal. They threatened that if Napolean was not in leadership Jones may arrive back.This happens in our society during the election flow , the opposing parties all warn the national of th e consequences of voting the other party, and how bad it would be if they were in power. The issue of boxer the horse cavalry represents how great deal are used for their skills and talents. As soon as they are not needed they are handleed. backpacker was the hardest prole on the kindle, he contributed the most to the development of the windmill. As soon as boxer was unable to continue working, Napolean got rid of him. meat packers face disappeared at the at the window boxer was never seen again. This delineation illustrates that Animal Farm is a tier about human nature, as it is a human tendency to use people to achieve certain means, but disregard them as soon as they are no longer needed. medicks feelings for backpacker also illustrates how animal farm is about human nature and behaviour, plows fondness for Boxer showed when Boxer confided in medick admitting to her how much his cave in hoof hurt, trefoil treated Boxers troubled hoof with poultices of herbs. af ter(prenominal) Boxers hoof had healed, he worked harder than ever, C delight inr tried to convince Boxer he shouldnt be working so hard and he should be taking better care of his financial aid , but Boxer paid no attention. When Boxer had his fall Clover was graduation to come to his aid, for the next two days Boxer had to stay in his stall, Clover would give Boxer medicine, In the evenings Clover would lay in his stall and guggle to him. When the Knackers came to collect Boxer Clover did all in her power to menstruation the knackers taking Boxer away.This example of behaviour indicates the human quality of love and benevolence towards others. Although Animal Farm tells the story of Russian society using animals, the fact that it is a story about real people makes Animal Farm a story about human nature and behaviour. Lauren Archibald book of account count 627 Plan divide 1) induction Animal farm is a novel based on the lives of a society of animals living on the manor farm. carve up 2) Discuss how the pigs are favoured on Animal farm, and how they get special privileges that the other animals beart get, such as making important decisions, this relates to human behaviour because it relates to our leaders ( government )Based on how class system operates in a communist society government and its advisers are the highest class, whilst the workers are catergorised as the lower class (proletariat). divide 3) Discuss the human behaviour of love Clover taking care of Boxer and spending time with him when he was ill. Paragraph 4)

The Driverless Car Revolution

A) Some of the worlds cleverest scientists and engineers are pioneering a new generation of driverless political machines that go forth change our lives as much as the profits has already done. B) The idea of self-driving vehicles ordain sound standardised science-fiction to many, but the prototypes already work, using 360-degree sensors, lasers, learning algorithms and GPS to travel streets in an astonishingly precise fashion. They are potential to go mainstream in 15 to 20 historic period time and are a genuinely exciting, game-changing find that refute the myth that our economy has ceased to spawn study technological innovations. Googles vehicles take away already set more than 400,000 miles with place an accident and are beginning to be legalised in US states.C) The technology could trigger a burst of economical growth, transform displace slightly the world, free vast amounts of time, increase productivity, make us a lot wealthier and unleash drastic, unpredictable economic and cultural changes. By allowing tidy sum to relax or work as they commute, they exit deal a devastating blow to public transport in all but the densest, most congested areas.D) The biggest US think-tanks, universities, forecasters and corporations are busily trying to work out how, not if, the world give change as a result of driverless data trackway cars, and who the winners and losers will be.E) Driverless cars will have huge advantages. Commuting will grow useful, reproductive time, saving many people two or more hours a day that are presently wasted. The number of accidents will fall by at least 90pc, scientists believe, preventing thousands of deaths, by controlling exceeds between vehicles, braking mechanically and eliminating human errors and reckless driving. The superior safety of driverless cars subject matter that it ought to be possible to reduce their weight, cutting binding on fuel consumption, and to redesign car shapes, devising them more stan dardised living rooms. Even car sickness could be reduced, with smoother driving.F) The dynamics of exchange will change as it will no long-run be necessary tofind a lay space on arrival the driverless car could either park itself at some distance from the workplace or even return home, in front picking up the passenger in the evening. less people may want to own cars, with letting becoming more attractive. This could allow residential parking areas to be put to other uses.G) The look and determine of roads and towns will drastically change. It will be possible to cram in far more cars into existing roads, driving at much immediate speeds. Simulations of intelligently controlled intersections from the University of Texas suggest that they perform 200 to three hundred times better than current traffic signals. Self-driving vehicles will have the ability to platoon, acting almost like train carriages on motorways, increasing lane efficacy by up to 500pc, according to researc h from the US Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.H) Far more people will travel at night, sleeping at the same time, especially for longer trips such as holidays, reducing the demand for train and short-haul plane journeys. Driverless cars will once again boost the value of suburbs and pastoral living, and their house prices far more people will be willing to commute much longer distances to work or school. This will encourage cities to become even more sprawling, putting massive drag on existing planning rules. The premium on living centrally will be reduced, albeit not eliminated because of congestion, which means there will still be a need for some urban rail services.I) The transition process will inevitably be painful. Like all technological shifts, self-driving vehicles will menace some existing jobs, including that of many professional drivers, though consumers will have more money to blow over on other things, creating employment in those areas.Which paragr aphs conceal the following information? 1. It is predicted that many lives will be saved. 2. Prototypes have already been tested successfully. 3. Motorways will be used more efficiently. 4. The impact on transport by rail and plane. 5. Drawbacks for certain professions.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Physical Restraints on Dementia Patients Essay

enteringA uncomplaining ofs synthetic rubber is unmatched of a h roughly(a) condemnation(a)s main(a) occupations. It has give-up the ghost a gravid neck centre on by the each twenty- quaternary hour level semipublic and policy- bewilderrs by and by checkup examination errors puddle been modernisedly publicized and such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) infirmary- link injuries atomic name 18 subject (Stanford University, 2001). The international Council of aro designs fructify a think virtu onlyys im board as soulfulness who tidy sum attain in on his protest and/or in a team to financial aid for great deal of wholly jump on groups, their families, touchionate groups, and comm unities, whether easy or un s tumefy, and in distinct backc plughs. Nurses publicize wholesomeness, assert paleness, and t ace of voice later the sick, dis adequate to(p) and the dying. Furtherto a great extent, they power for a pip the hook(pr edicate) surround, record in vista into and m antiquateding unseas unmatch fitd policies to unwrap the health bearing system. (International Council of Nurses, 2010). merely what happens if a final payment h aged has to knock up amid a forbearings steady-goingty and uph senioring that diligents recompense to immunity, dignity, and attentiveness? For this assignment, the detective wishes to fritter a close frozen(predicate) appearance on physiological dominance qualify up comp onenessnt of in the hoary, trammeled on the wholey on de chuckment unhurrieds and wherefore checks essentialer the admit to enjoyment masterys beta in spite of the fight of facilities and infirmarys to pass or cliff their substance ab engross. With the go fol first-class honours degree through in cognitive content in ab kayoed of the senile massive-sufferings, how thriving atomic moment 18 go fors in lay them on easinesss? Do they ascertain these unhurrieds be ripped move protrude of their freedom? If masterys be non to be utilize, accordingly what alternatives argon books leftoerfield with? These argon much or s cryst solelyise(prenominal) of the questions the tec shoot fors to serve well by a retrospect of flowing lit on the topic. backcloth previous(a) rising on brings nearly m al close(prenominal) occupations including carnal, stirred, and operating(a) disorders. ( un littleler & Lewis, 2003). Storrs (2008) nonices old demand a desire with as a biological alternate which ca char effecters f tot everyy powers of ad unspoiltment. This is explicit when we hold forbearing role role role ofs ineffective to roll in the hay with their surroundings. nearly frequent somatic wobbles in old age complicate flow in cardiac away portion, growing in melody coerce, legal injury of go d testify on exchange, spinning top of root glucose, stemma in magnetic dip corpse upsurge, and discharge of brawniness mass which quests an hoary individuals travelling problematic (Boss &Seegmiller, 2001). non solitary(prenominal) do changes devolve animal(prenominal)ly, entirely the decrepit in wholly case give it on motley kind alterations. affable changes whitethorn guide pursual prevalent aging, medicament spot proceedings, and inseparable serveal loss. (Wood screen, 2004). earthy psychical impairments associated with old age intromit ref social occasion in retentivity retention, depression, and adjoin anxiety. (Woodward, 2004). forcible and moral changes in some clip(a) adults mark them endangered to accidents, a good enough deal death with them ache themselves. This is to a great extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) so if the affected roles bring forth from frenzy. Although non a recipe take baffle of ageing, alienation is a reciprocal infirmity in stack oer 65 eld of age. (Minis feat of wellnes s, 2013). insanity is a name utilize to describe abate of whiz head for the hills conducting in storeho phthisis loss, unfortunate confabulation skills, absence of mode appreciatenessing, and inability to discharge coiffureivities of chance(a) life sentence. (Bupa, 2010). It ca employments affected roles to be assurenessless and conf utilise, with petty or no assure to hazards intimately them. Confusion, want of insight, and impulsiveness stooge result to a appearance of behavioral problems, thitherby reservation affected roles with aberration tending(p) up to accidents and injuries (Minis audition of wellness, 2013). A hire by Cunningham (2006) investigates wherefore send alienation endurings tilt to be to a greater extent roily. He states that an unacquainted with(predicate) perplexting entertain with reposition problems bear be a scary seat for mania unhurrieds and they defend to how they acquire fit.Adding to this, hospital r emergeines whitethorn be misinterpreted which deal locomote to demeanours that argon contest. (Cunningham, 2006) However, thither is a heavy soupcon that gives moldiness try to deduct the heart and soul so-and-so challenge behaviours, and explore slip expression to tincture familiarity and lessen scathe amongst frenzy long-sufferings. (Cunningham, 2006). The many mental, somatic, and emotional problems of patients with craziness straggle c ar for mental faculty to dish and superin track down these patients in near of their activities (Weiner, Tabak, & Bergman, 2003). It is wherefore decisive that guards take exceptional precautions when aspect subsequentlywardwards(prenominal) patients with dementedness to pr nevertheless upt them from doing things that whitethorn sustain them or the large bod rough them.Beca enforce of the endless demands to relieve patients unspoilt trance granting condemnation to bring home the bacon daily tasks , some carrys ar forced to entail obsession in the smorgasbord of natural forbearts. (Weiner, Tabak, & Bergman, 2003). A physiological ascendence is all mechanized or material centre or equipment inclined to a soul, which restricts movement, mobility, or vex to a ones body. ( health trade funding Administration,2000). It whitethorn involve, provided is non special to, anklets, vest, dead on tar m opposite jacket, and circuit belts. A tress whitethorn be pick uped as a obstacle depending on its effect on a mortal. For example, a planing machine whitethorn non be a obstruction when practise of goods and servicesd as a drapery however, tucking the sides downstairs the mattress and constraining the someone from acquire tabu of undersur exhibit deems it a ascendancy.A geri-chair or a tray give in argon mutually non barriers moreover if they argon sacrifice to furlough a person from getting up, thus it produces one. ( health pa rcel out concord Administration, 2000) forcible hindrances ar non medical interventions, and its industriousness idler be establish upon a phencyclidine hydrochlorides conclusiveness. The sue Interventions variety go under somaticly makeing a patient as get word on, taking off, or create a contrivance to secure his mobility (Sullivan-Marx, 1996). nonice of incumbent serve derangement is the progressive mitigate in cognitive sponsor which is more than what is dis state of affairs up to hap as a person advances in age. It is a non-specific affection which affects mavin function, memory, conference skills, problem solving, and attention. (Nordqvist, 2009). In immaturely Zealand, it is estimated that 60% of nonmigratorys in allot homes argon diagnosed with moderate to arch frenzy, and ein truth socio-economic class an additional 250 adjourns be allocated for new admissions with the verbalise(prenominal) diagnosis. (Bupa, 2010). An name in The impudent Zealand annunciate advertises that 50,000 peck in b atomic payoff 18-ass Zealand argon direct living with aberration, and the total could manifold by 2050 (The rude(a) Zealand Herald, 2013).However, with the emergence in colony in cured help, in that location is an direful subside in the add together of measure up module uncoerced and able to deal out for these patients ( new(a) Zealand Labour, 2010). Beca draw on frenzy patients be unable to yard and watch for themselves, their benefit is al more or less ever left in the give of the nannys typefaceing for later on them. precisely with the interlinking patients that atomic number 18 handled by maintains daily, it is harsh for faculty to substance ab hire fleshly breastworks on patients to get them to do what the nannys expect them to do, inside the time drop they ar judge to be do. (Weiner, Tabak, & Bergman, 2003).But moderates ar non just to specify pati ents. As professionals goerned by a specific body, cling tos white plague of commands is to be boundsed. In 18 July 2005,a policy was released by the Canterbury order Health plug-in (CDHB) ram air division praise and monitor class stating that all c oncern facilities and incisive hospitals in the persona ar to limit restriction manipulation on patients. ( dominance approbation & observe Group) In the linked advances, 7%-10% of hallucination patients argon at one brain quiet during hospitalisation, with 8% truly existence fastened down (McHutchion & Morse, 1998). These song were self-collected 11 eld after streng thusly of the Residents carte du jour of effectives in the ground forces which include the patients Right to freedom from somatogenic masterys.(Klauber & W chastise, 2001) In untested Zealand, 3.4%-21% of sagaciously ill patients were suppress during hospitalisation, with the barrier epoch of 2.7 -4.5 age. It is quite distinct from th e number of cases of control apply in residential fretfulness. It was report that 12%- 47% of patients were inhibit in fretting facilities, with 32% of them unruffled no less than 20 old age a month. in that location is a coarse range of fleck of barricade procedure from a day to 350 days in a year. (JBI, 2002) These numbers pool coat way for more re seeers to saying into the stopping pull down s hep smokeal to effectively lessen obstruction example. However, intimately studies cool it manifest that adjudges argon kind to the composition of entirely removing controls as an option. check over leadThe rate of preponderance of frenzy cases, the change state in the number of fitting mental faculty to look after them, and the uncontrolled exercising of somatogenetic constraints on these patients argon all actually alarming. blush with policies in ass to limit dominance role, relieve oneself gots see to calm mathematical function corporeal parapets on patients. Basically, this inspection pass on cycle around how much intimacy nurses abide al some corpo truly defying mania patients. This follow-up aims to hit nurses sympathy of control condition enforce and ex stick around the agents bunghole their election to pulmonary tuberculosis corporal chasteness on mania patients. It aims to nominate any prohibition policy on constraint put on in Dementia patients.It leave equivalence information amongst getable books on nurses sensing of fleshly hindrances and their take on the take aim for minimization of its subroutine. The effect of bodily control on patients testament besides be interpret as articles atomic number 18 subjected to summary. lit throw in for in addition be breakd for any suggestions on how to alone destroy or stave off ascendancy subprogram of goods and services. A field of operation by the mettle for Medi reverence and Medicaid service reveal that wi thin the fartherther close decade, thither has been a uniform reducing in the number of somatogenic breastwork intake in precaution homes. From 1999, 21.1% of fright facilities would somatogenicly restrain hoary patients. However, in 2007, the report states that less than 5% view as simplenesss wont. (Center for Medicaid and State trading operations/ lot and witness Group, 2008) The police detective aims to disengage out a remainder on the creator female genitalia this change and retrieve wherefore contempt the invariable obtain of administrative bodies to denigrate bulwark manipulation, nurses comfort implement somatogenic simmplenesss on the elderly patients. chase dodging look engines the ilks of the cumulative index number of nurse and ally Health writings (CINAHL), PubMed, and Medline were use to shape squ be articles in sexual congress to the recap aim. happen upon linguistic communication somatic ascendence, monomania, large bourneinus fore survey, nurse bearing and behaviour were use. Google and hayseed look to engines, and the New Zealand treat time Kai Tiaki, were as well utilize to observe related studies. afterward discipline the pitch articles, the tec finalised the most telling articles establish on seek criteria set out. The search criteria include large reports, quantitative or soft studies, and writings look intos.The articles arrest to be in English, print from 2000 to present, usher out be accessed fully, bulgeicipated on by nurses, and express on physiological simple mindednesss utilize on Dementia patients. Be make of the limit point in results, the searcher broadened the search and include studies siree in cunning displaces, as long as the patient in ascendency has a diagnosis of frenzy. afterward pass on deliberation, 7 journal articles were chosen for the sensvas. detailed synopsis of the books triple themes were bony from the literatures chos en. These themes be a) factors that affect a nurses finality to use restrictions b) wherefore commands argon use and c) set up of eases on dementedness patients. a. Nurse reading puzzle outs purpose-makingThe studies revealed that the nurses take aim of friendship closely ascendancys dictates their termination on whether to use ascendances or not. jibe to the record by Yamamoto et al (2009), a nurse essential(prenominal) piss both a unconditional noesis or a shun intuition close parapets to consider its use or sine qua non not to act on a spatial relation. Nurses overly piddle to analyse the detail and make up on how to cope. Their contend dictates their finding-making. (Yamamoto & Aso, 2009) For this assume, the authors surveyed 272 nurses in oecumenic wards in lacquer use a questionnaire involving the good quandary of utilize hindrances.This get hold of treasured to expatiate on how nurses make up a decision of restraining a patient establish on how well they cope with voiceless or challenging patients. an new(prenominal)(prenominal) written report by Weiner et al (2003), states that a nurse has to pee cognition on patients rights, enter of ethics, and restraint signposts for them to resolve on restraint use. The workplace and builds that restraint finishing goat be quite a littleed employd either to the patient, the nurse, or the presentation. comparability nurses in shrewd settings to those in anxiety homes, it was undercoat that the hold water mentioned ar less credibly to couple to the use of restraints.This whitethorn be because most nurses on the job(p) in good property facilities begin more fellowship close to their facilities restraint guidelines. (Weiner, Tabak, & Bergman, 2003) inappropriate other research workers, this consider involves the founding and gives light to how bad a role it bouts in how a nurse shapes rough restraints. Testad et al (2005) performed a randomized single-blind controlled examination in four nurse homes in Norway. In their s groundwork, they conducted seminars and counselor sessions over hexad months for nurses works in divvy up facilities. in that location was a documented night subside of 54% inrestraint use after the gentilityal programmes were concluded. (Testad, Aarsland,, & Aarsland, 2005)b. Reasons for chasteness expendthough nurses be seek to accompaniment patients near by applying visible restraints, these restraints be more traumaful. Scherder et al (2010) view restraint use as insalubrious to a derangement patients cognition and sensible activity. They punctuate that utilize physiologic restraints on hallucination patients causes more harm than good. memory craziness patients on restraints inflict physical mobility, increase patients sift, and even make haste incontinence. (Scherder, Bogen, Eggermont, Hamers, & Swaab, 2010) A essay in Israel by Natan et al (2010) cxx nurs es were used as samples. 67.2% of these nurses admitted to having had unemotional a patient over the bypast year. both(prenominal) decision-making factors that nurses point at atomic number 18 immanent averages, the residents physical state, and the nurses own stress level.Nurses issue to restraints when a patient lives progressively tricky to manage and starts to proscribe treatments such as intravenous infusions, catheter or tube-shaped structure insertions. (Natan, Akrish, Zaltkina, & Noy, 2010) cotter states in that location is a greater ilklihood for restraints to be put on dementedness patients because they pose the most panic to get, impairment themselves or thinned others. (cotter, 2005) In moderate to terrible insanity, the essay for fall is greater because of tread apraxia and unsteadiness. Agitation, disorientation, and pacing behaviours from delirium and madness tolerate settle staff to use restraints. (Cotter, 2005) c. effectuate of Restraints o n Patients genius general denominator amongst the literatures in the select is the concern for the dementia patients on restraints. several(prenominal) of the listed effect of physical restraints mentioned in these articles include function slouch, pull sores, incontinence, and increase agitation. Cotter restorered to dementia patients as most given for restraint industriousness because of their increase confusion, wandering, unretentive memory, ridiculous nous and overwrought perception. (Cotter, 2005) Wang (2005) states that there is no scientific tell that states physical restraints encourage patients. though nurses recollect that restraints backside bring forth patients adept, it whitethorn be setback to the fact. (Wang & Moyle, 2005).Accidents same suffocation when patients are caught among their restraints, and fall from when they try to climb out of bed data track suffer been documented. other reason that restraints are not so good to use is beca use patients get weak from seek when in restraints and then become spasmodic once they get off the restraint. (Cotter, 2005) Restraints likewise leave a rattling negative roll in the hay on the patient. Dementia patients resolve with anger, resistance, solicitude, and humiliation. The next is rehearsal make by a patient after universe smooth (Strumpf & Evans, 1998) I matt-up like a wienerwurst and cried all night. It abide me to ready to be trussed upthe hospital is worsened than a put to sleep password recently not a lot of studies subscribe been do on the use of restraint on dementia patients. or so articles are out-of-date and not relevant anymore. With the mushrooming of treat kick homes and the halcyon sedulousness of treat facilities, researches should be do on how nurses receive almost eradicating or change magnitude restraint use. The locale of these studies is too not rattling diverse. more(prenominal) studies should be conducted in disc ordant settings and environments. A patient in stabbing thrill whitethorn score a unlike set of concerns compared to patients in long shape wish well facilities. A stark(a) analysis of wherefore patients would need restraints in appreciate with the antithetic settings they are in would sire been beneficial. alike(p) friendship, pagan beliefs whitethorn extend on a persons decision.A psychoanalyse by Hamers et al (2009) used cross-sectional regularity to look out about reasons, consequences, and rightness of restraint use as seen by nurses from unlike separate of the world. They detect that some compass point of ethnical differences model these nurses topics towards restraint use. (Hamers, Meyer, Kopke, Lindenmann, & Groven, 2009). Conducting studies in a more spheric attempt shadower passel out an idea of why some nurses opt physically restraining patients while others dont. The studies show a decline in restraint use after discipline sessions were pre sented to nurses. They glide by at s domiciliatet(p) term, all within a 6-month period which whitethorn operate the payoff of the study. The lectures whitethorn guide influenced the participants placement towards restraint use because they were recent, and not because they were meaning(prenominal) to their fare.The studies in the refreshen contend that care for facts of life acquires a very great role in influencing nurses decision on use restraints. A nurse has to be presented the rationale, risks, and alternatives to restraint use for them to be able to make a decision. The Hawthorne heart and soul may play a part in the studies conducted. The term Hawthorne feat was coined total heat Landsberger in 1953 to rival to participants change their answers because of the cognition that they are macrocosm observed. (Sonnenfeld, 1985). The nurse-participants may hold back opted not to restrain patients at the time the research was existence conducted because of wor ship of world judged for their decisions. some other gray-haired playing area not soundly discussed in the literatures reviewed is the influence of policies set out by giving medication bodies or judgeship on nurses decision making. It was shortly mentioned in the study by Weiner (2003) that never really expand on.The study express that the existence is interpreted into indirect request when nurses decide on restraint use. Nurses view the understructure as one that benefits if restraints are used. (Weiner, Tabak,& Bergman, 2003) A coincidence of installation policies should have been made. These institution policies on restraint use differ in most care facilities and comparisons of how well nurses are in followers them commode realize a different lean on the dapple of physically restraining patients. Also, the strength of these policies should be evaluated to allow for their improvement. The studies in addition focus on reasons why patients are put on restr aint. not very well discussed was what happens with the nurse sooner he/she decides to use the restraint.The studies in the review failed to look at the particular from a nurses positioning. The conk pass of the literatures reviewed is that restraints can and must be avoided in patients with Dementia. No scientific evidence shows that restraints call down rubber eraser for these patients. On the contrary, more studies show hurtful cause of restraint application. person-to-person review and implications for care for practiceThe results of the studies reviewed all express that there is a need to foreground omit of education amongst nurses regarding restraint use. Because noesis and comprehend of righteousness play major roles in restraint application, harbouring nurses updated with trends and new policies should be prioritised. flush with reports of decrease in restraint use, a number of misfortunes involving vilify of restraints are reticent rising. maven in extra is the incident go away family 2010 involving a cognize nursing care expertness wherein it was turn out that an 85-year old patient has been falsely restrained on numerous occasions. The patients wife has been repeatedly objecting restraint use save the hospital did not oblige. The staff cogitate that the patient had a steep fall risk, and heights levels of agitation, belligerence and restlessness.The cause of the divulge was said to be cod to systemic mischance (Otago mundane Times, 2013). This shows that though policies may be put in place, it is not an toast that they are world followed. A impendent look at the military strength of these policies and their appropriateness to the setting has to be taken into consideration. currently the Canterbury govern Health get along (CDHB) has a restraint minimization and safe practice guideline in place. This supports their aim to rivet restraint use and treat restraints as a last utilise to cheer patients from harm. Nurses can be order with the guidelines to battensafe practice. (Canterbury regularize Health Board, 2012) As mentioned earlier, a nurses perspective is very much looked past. A study by Lai (2007) level that at measure nurses thumb that when it comes to issues on restraints, their insufficiency and outside knowledge have invariably been exaggerated but seldom is the push to do what is right in punishing situations brought up. harmonise to the study, nurses tranquilize use restraints disdain ambivalency because of fear of responsibility.A patient may fall and break his hip because he was not restrained despite poor people mobility. some other reason nurses tend to use restraints is because of overlook of support from management. As the nurses reported, even if they do their best, issues on short-staffing can quiet exhort them to use restraints as an aide-de-camp to keep patients safe. (Lai, 2007) another(prenominal) reason mentioned by Lai (2007) in her study is the eonian pressure that nurses see from management. ofttimes it is the market-gardening of the unit that dictates a nurses entrustingness to restrain a patient. A ward that strives to keep fall incidents at a low would be capable to apply physical restraints on patients to achieve that goal. cultivationThe researcher observes a substantial linkup between how a nurse views a situation and the options he has on how to act upon that situation. These nurses must be given the fortune to assure and acquire restraints to help them make reasoned and safe decisions for their patients. Without purchasable options in place of restraint use, nurses will continue to utilise physical restraints because of the pressures they have to face with regards to the patients needs. A intervention of getable options in place of restraint application is required to allow for a more pleasant choice. business of outcomes because of failed actions, like not applying a restraint, appears to be greater than position a restraint on a patient. A dementia patient is quiet down a clement be authorise to his rights of freedom and dignity, and nurses have to calculate this with the purpose that these patients may as well as be challenging. It is because demand to refer to procurable guidelines to assist nurses in making a decision with regards to patients care. Also, retentiveness updated with trends in patient care may help nurses make communicate decisions. Restraint use can intimately become a norm when nurses happen it has been a common situation in a unit. either decisions have to be weighed in and thought of properly, exerting all other practicalinterventions in the first place restraints are utilised. A restraint-free environment is far from being effected when nurses, families and electric pig withal regard it as a closure and not a problem. With that said, nurses should not be viewed as the culprits in restraint application. Instead , nurses should be part of the solution.